神經回路前沿致力于理解神經回路的涌現特性——大腦的基本模塊。作為前沿一線電子期刊家族的旗艦成員，它的初始影響因子為5.098(2011)，仍然是神經回路研究的“中心水坑”，服務于全球社區共享數據、思想和靈感。任何物種(從海綿到人類)的神經回路的解剖學、生理學、發育或功能的文章都是受歡迎的。我們共同的思路是尋找不同電路使用的計算策略，以將它們的結構與功能(感知、運動或內部)、它們操作的一般規則以及它們的特定設計如何導致復雜特性和行為的出現聯系起來。我們鼓勵使用多學科的方法，特別是更新的分子、發育和遺傳工具，將重點放在神經微電路中的突觸、細胞和連接原理上。特別歡迎從進化的角度進行研究，以更好地理解電路設計和功能是如何進化來產生越來越復雜的特性和行為的。該雜志對揭示可塑性如何塑造神經回路的結構和功能結構的研究更感興趣。第1層物品類型原始研究原創研究文章描述了原創研究的目的、研究和方法。報告、解釋研究結果，并討論可能的影響。原始的研究文章也可能包含不確定的結果，這些結果允許消除假設、重新制定和/或報告先前發表的結果的不可重復性。原創的研究論文是經過同行評審的，字數不超過12000字，最多可包含15張圖/表。作者需要付費(a類文章)才能發表一篇原創的研究文章。方法方法文章提出了一種新的方法或新興的技術和/或軟件，為研究領域中的重要問題開辟了新的途徑。方法手稿應包括方法的目標和驗證，詳細的協議和應用實例，以及當前方法的局限性。此外，應該有一些數據來證明該技術的威力或方法的有效性。方法文章也可以包含個人對該領域技術重要性的見解。方法文章經過同行評審，字數不超過12000字，最多可包含15張圖/表。作者需要付費(a類文章)才能發表方法文章。協議協議文章記錄了進行實驗的所有必要步驟，以實現在方法或原始研究文章中沒有足夠詳細的特定結果集，并且通常將重點放在已建立的實驗方法上，而不是新出現的實驗方法。因此，它們將包括說明《議定書》可能適用的范圍和所使用的材料和設備的章節;一步一步的程序，包括定時和暫停點;以及關鍵階段的預期結果。還應該討論潛在的工件或缺陷，以及解決問題的任何措施，并且必須引用或描述應用于協議生成的數據的任何分析方法。結果必須是可復制的。協議文章是經過同行評審的，字數上限為12,000字，最多可包含15張圖/表。作者需要付費(a類文章)才能發表協議文章。技術報告技術報告展示了一項前沿技術和/或軟件，或一項已知技術或軟件的新應用。技術報告介紹了新技術的基本技術背景，評價了該方法的優點和局限性，以及它的應用。技術報告是經過同行評審的，字數上限為12,000字，最多可包含15個數字/表格。任何已注冊的前沿用戶，包括公司，都可以提交一份技術報告。作者必須付費(a類文章)才能發表技術報告。審查綜述文章涵蓋了近年來有重大發展或進步的主題，具有全面的深度、平衡的視角、知性的洞察力和廣泛的普遍興趣。評論不只是對文獻進行總結，還應該批判定義該領域的基本概念、問題和問題。評審文章不能包含未發表的材料(未發表/原始數據、提交的手稿或個人通信)，如果發現包含此類內容，可能會在評審中被拒絕或被重新分類(如果發現有重大延遲)。任何逐字文本的包含都必須包含在引號中，并清楚地引用原始源。評審文章由同行評審，字數上限為12,000字，最多可包含15張圖/表。作者需要付費(a類文章)才能發表評論文章。迷你回顧迷你評論文章關注當前的調查領域和該領域的最新發展。它們提供了主題的簡潔和清晰的總結，讓讀者了解最新的發展和/或新概念。迷你評論不得包含未發表的材料(未發表的/原始數據、提交的手稿或個人通信)，如果發現包含此類內容，可能會被拒絕或重新分類(如果發現有重大延遲)。任何逐字文本的包含都必須包含在引號中，并清楚地引用原始源。小型評論是同行評審的，字數上限為3000字，最多不超過2張圖/表。作者需要付費(b類文章)才能發表一篇小型評論。請注意，如果一個小評論超過3000字，它將被更改為一個評論文章，并收取相應的費用。假設和理論假設和理論文章提出了一個新的論點，解釋或模型，旨在引入一個新的可測試的假設或理論或支持現有的理論。他們應該對一個重要的問題或問題提供新的見解，論證必須與經驗數據緊密聯系，在適當的情況下，導致可測試的預測。假設和理論文章是同行評審的，字數最多12000字，可能包含多達15張圖/表。作者需要付費(a類文章)才能發表一篇假設和理論文章。的角度來看觀點文章對一個重要的研究領域提出了觀點。他們專注于一個特定的領域或學科，討論當前的進展或未來的方向，可能包括原始數據以及個人見解和觀點。透視圖是經過同行評審的，字數最多為3000字，最多不超過2張圖/表。作者需要付費(b類文章)才能發表觀點文章。數據報告數據報告提供了對研究數據集的描述。數據集必須在提交數據報告之前存儲在公共存儲庫中，并在報告發布時公開可用。數據報告應該包括引用或描述的方法用于收集數據和信息的讀者可能解釋數據集。數據報告可能包括一些數據的分析,為了更好地解釋其相關性和建議未來的研究途徑,但不應報告任何單個研究結果或一組研究。因此，數據報告可能不包括結果或討論部分。使用數據回答特定研究問題或探索數據提出的新假設的詳細分析，應該以獨立的研究文章的形式提交，這些文章可以在線鏈接到數據報告。關于準備您的數據報告手稿的其他信息可以在我們的作者指南中找到。數據報告是經過同行評審的，字數最多為3000字，可能包括2張圖/表。作者需要付費(c類文章)才能發表數據報告。一般的評論評注會引起對一篇特別值得注意的學術論文的注意，或對以前發表的論文(無論是發表在前沿期刊還是其他期刊)提出批評意見。字數上限為1000字，可包含不超過1張圖/表，標題必須為:“評注:原文標題”。一般的評論是經過同行評審的，應該得到適當的證實，通常至少有5篇參考文獻。它們不應該包含未發布或原始數據。作者發表評論不需要付費。意見意見文章允許研究人員就任何科學理論的事實解釋、所使用方法的價值、弱點和優點或與研究領域相關的任何主題發表觀點。意見文章允許研究人員最大程度的表達自由，鼓勵建設性的討論，并經過同行評審。感情用事的論證是不恰當的。意見文章應有證據支持(無論事實或傳聞)，并促進對話;但是，它們不應該包含未發布或原始數據。意見文章應適當地加以證實，通常至少有五篇參考文獻，字數不超過2000字，且不得超過1圖/表。作者需要付費(c類文章)才能發表意見文章。書評書評是一種簡潔而平衡的單頁文學評論，分析最近出版的書的內容、風格和優點。書評應根據社會當前的需要，總結、評價和討論該書的內容。這些文章是經過同行評審的，字數最多為1000字，可能包括1圖/表，但是它們不應該包含未發表或原始數據。任何已注冊的前沿用戶都可以提交書評。參賽作品須附有書名書評:《書名》。作者不需要支付出版書評的費用。編輯社論是由某一前沿研究專題的主持人獨家提交的，目的是向讀者傳達與該專題有關的研究的目的和目標，并將其置于更廣泛的背景之中。編輯應該呈現研究主題的貢獻文章，但不應該僅僅是一個目錄。作為研究主題的最終投稿文章，所有預期的文章一旦被接受并發表，就需要提交社論。社論的字數為1000字，主題為5-10篇文章。該主題中每增加一篇文章的字數限制可以增加，最多為50篇或50篇以上文章的字數限制為5,000字。社論不應包括未發表的或原始的數據，也不應包括數字，并強烈鼓勵包括參考文獻。提交的論文必須帶有標題編輯:“研究主題的標題”。主題編輯不需要為發表一篇社論付費。專業大挑戰《專業大挑戰》由專業主編撰寫，講述他們對研究領域當前挑戰的看法。專業大挑戰揭示了21世紀該領域的主要問題和預期發展，幫助讀者了解他們的專業范圍。專業主編不需要付費就可以發表專業大挑戰文章。修正更正/補充:如果作者注意到影響學術記錄或論文完整性的錯誤，建議作者在線提交更正。求職信必須詳細說明原稿中出現錯誤的原因和位置，以及正確的信息。所有原始論文的作者都需要同意修改請求。根據需要糾正的程度，糾正可能需要同行評審。作者被告知，在此描述之外的變更請求可能不被接受出版。勘誤表:作者應該注意區別他們的長條校樣和最終批準發表文章,從而導致錯誤影響學術記錄或論文的完整性,鼓勵作者提交一個請求勘誤表前沿生產辦公室(production.office@frontiersin.org),清楚地指出錯誤和正確的求職信中的信息。作者不需要支付出版更正的費用。

Frontiers in Neural Circuits is devoted to understanding the emergent properties of neural circuits - the elementary modules of the brain. A flagship member of the Frontiers first-tier electronic journal family, it received an initial impact factor of 5.098 (2011) and remains a "central watering hole" for research in neural circuits, serving the community worldwide to share data, ideas and inspiration. Articles revealing the anatomy, physiology, development or function of any neural circuitry in any species (from sponges to humans) are welcome. Our common thread seeks the computational strategies used by different circuits to link their structure with function (perceptual, motor, or internal), the general rules by which they operate, and how their particular designs lead to the emergence of complex properties and behaviors. Submissions focused on synaptic, cellular and connectivity principles in neural microcircuits using multidisciplinary approaches, especially newer molecular, developmental and genetic tools, are encouraged. Studies with an evolutionary perspective to better understand how circuit design and capabilities evolved to produce progressively more complex properties and behaviors are especially welcome. The journal is further interested in research revealing how plasticity shapes the structural and functional architecture of neural circuits.TIER 1 ARTICLE TYPESOriginal ResearchOriginal Research articles describe the aims, study, and methods of original research. The results of the research are reported, interpreted, and a discussion of the possible implications may be included. Original Research articles may also encompass disconfirming results which allow hypothesis elimination, reformulation and/or report on the non-reproducibility of previously published results. Original Research Articles are peer-reviewed, have a maximum word count of 12,000 and may include up to 15 Figures/Tables. Authors are required to pay a fee (A-type article) to publish an Original Research Article. MethodsMethods articles present a new method or emerging technique and/or software that opens new avenues for the investigation of important issues in a field. Method manuscripts should include the objectives and validation of the method with a detailed protocol and example(s) of its application, as well as the limitations of current methods. In addition, there should be some data to demonstrate the power of the technique or effectiveness of the method. Methods Articles may also include personal insight of the significance of the technology for the field. Methods Articles are peer-reviewed, have a maximum word count of 12,000 and may include up to 15 Figures/Tables. Authors are required to pay a fee (A-type article) to publish a Methods Article.ProtocolsProtocol articles document all the steps necessary for conducting experiments to achieve a specific set of results that are not sufficiently detailed in a Methods or Original Research article, and will usually focus on established, rather than emerging, experimental methods. As such, they will include a description of the range of possible applications of the protocol and sections on the materials and equipment used; step-by-step procedures, including timing and pause points; and expected results at key stages. Potential artifacts or pitfalls should also be discussed, as well as any troubleshooting measures to counteract them, and any analytical methods applied to the data generated by the protocol must be referenced or described. Results must be replicable. Protocol articles are peer-reviewed, have a maximum word count of 12’000, and may include up to 15 Figures/Tables. Authors are required to pay a fee (A-type article) to publish a Protocol article.Technology ReportTechnology Reports present a cutting-edge technology and/or software or a new application of a known technology or software. Technology Reports introduce the basic technical background of the new technology and evaluate the advantages and the limitations of the approach, as well as its applications. Technology Reports are peer-reviewed, have a maximum word count of 12,000 and may include up to 15 Figures/Tables. Any registered Frontiers user, including companies, may submit a Technology Report. Authors are required to pay a fee (A-type article) to publish a Technology Report. ReviewReview articles cover topics that have seen significant development or progress in recent years with comprehensive depth, balanced perspective, intellectual insight, and broad general interest. Reviews do not merely summarize the literature, but should critique fundamental concepts, issues, and problems that define the field. Review articles CANNOT include unpublished material (unpublished/original data, submitted manuscripts, or personal communications) and may be rejected in review or reclassified, at a significant delay, if found to include such content. Any inclusion of verbatim text must be contained in quotation marks and clearly reference the original source. Review Articles are peer-reviewed, have a maximum word count of 12,000 and may include up to 15 Figures/Tables. Authors are required to pay a fee (A-type article) to publish a Review Article.Mini ReviewMini Review articles focus on current areas of investigation and recent developments in the field. They offer a succinct and clear summary of the topic, allowing readers to get up-to-date on new developments and/or emerging concepts. Mini Reviews must not include unpublished material (unpublished/original data, submitted manuscripts, or personal communications) and may be rejected or reclassified, at a significant delay, if found to include such content. Any inclusion of verbatim text must be contained in quotation marks and clearly reference the original source. Mini Reviews are peer-reviewed, have a maximum word count of 3,000 and may contain no more than 2 Figures/Tables. Authors are required to pay a fee (B-type article) to publish a Mini Review. Please note that should a Mini Review exceed 3,000 words, it will be changed to a Review Article and charged accordingly.Hypothesis & TheoryHypothesis and Theory articles present a novel argument, interpretation or model intended to introduce a new testable hypothesis or theory or support already existing theories. They should provide new insights into a significant question or issue and the argumentation must be closely tied to empirical data, where appropriate, leading to testable predictions. Hypothesis and Theory Articles are peer-reviewed, have a maximum word count of 12,000 and may include up to 15 Figures/Tables. Authors are required to pay a fee (A-type article) to publish an Hypothesis and Theory Article. PerspectivePerspective articles present a viewpoint on an important area of investigation. They focus on a specific field or discipline, and discuss current advances or future directions, and may include original data as well as personal insights and opinions. Perspectives are peer-reviewed, have a maximum word count of 3,000 and may contain no more than 2 Figures/Tables. Authors are required to pay a fee (B-type article) to publish a Perspective Article.Data ReportData Reports present a description of research data sets. The data sets must be deposited in a public repository prior to submission of the Data Report and be made publicly available upon publication of the report. Data Reports should include a reference to or description of the methods used to collect the data and information on how readers may interpret the data set. Data reports may include some analysis of the data, in order to better explain its relevance and to suggest future avenues of research, but should not report the results of any single study or group of studies. Thus Data Reports may not include Results or Discussion sections. Detailed analyses which use the data to answer specific research questions, or which explore new hypotheses suggested by the data, should instead be submitted in independent research articles, which can be linked online to the Data Report. Additional information on the preparation of your Data Report manuscript can be found in our author guidelines. Data Reports are peer-reviewed, have a maximum word count of 3,000 and may include 2 Figures/Tables. Authors are required to pay a fee (C-type article) to publish a Data Report.General CommentaryCommentaries call attention to a scholarly paper of particular note or provide critical comments on a previous publication - either published in Frontiers or in another journal. They have a maximum word count of 1,000, may include no more than 1 Figure/Table and the title has to be as follows: “Commentary: Title of the original article”. General Commentaries are peer-reviewed and should be properly substantiated, with typically at least five references. They should not contain unpublished or original data. Authors are not required to pay a fee to publish a Commentary. OpinionOpinion articles allow researchers to contribute viewpoints on the interpretation of facts, value of methods used, weaknesses and strengths of any scientific theory or on any topic relevant to the field of research. Opinion Articles allow maximum freedom of expression for researchers, encourage constructive discussion and are peer-reviewed. Emotionally-charged argumentation is not appropriate. Opinion Articles should be supported by evidence (whether factual or anecdotal) and promote dialogue; however they should not contain unpublished or original data. Opinion Articles should be properly substantiated, with typically at least five references, have a maximum word count of 2,000 and may contain no more than 1 Figure/Table. Authors are required to pay a fee (C-type article) to publish an Opinion Article.Book ReviewBook Reviews are succinct and balanced one-page literary criticisms analyzing content, style, and merit of a recently published book. A Book Review should summarize but also evaluate and discuss the content of the book in light of the current needs of the community. These articles are peer-reviewed, have a maximum word count of 1,000 and may include 1 Figure/Table, however they should not contain unpublished or original data. Any registered Frontiers user may submit a Book Review. Submissions have to carry the title Book Review: "Title of book". Authors are not required to pay a fee to publish a Book Review.EditorialEditorials are submitted exclusively by the host editor(s) of a Frontiers Research Topic, to convey to the reader the aims and objectives of the research that pertains to the topic, as well as placing it in a broader context. The Editorial should present the contributing articles of the Research Topic but should not be a mere table of content. As the final contributing article to the Research Topic, Editorials should be submitted once all expected articles have been accepted and published. Editorials have a word count of 1,000 for Topics with 5-10 articles. The word limit can be increased for each additional article in the Topic, up to a maximum of 5,000 words for 50 articles or more. Editorials should not include unpublished or original data, nor figures, and the inclusion of references is strongly encouraged. Submissions have to carry the title Editorial: "Title of Research Topic". Topic editors are not required to pay a fee to publish an Editorial. Specialty Grand ChallengeSpecialty Grand Challenges are written by Specialty Chief Editors about their vision of the current challenges in their field of research. Specialty Grand Challenges expose the major issues and expected developments in the field for the 21st century and help the readers to understand the scope of their specialty. 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Authors are informed that requests for changes beyond that described here may not be accepted for publication.Erratum: should authors notice differences between their approved galley proofs and the final published article, thus leading to errors that affect the scholarly record or the integrity of the paper, authors are encouraged to submit a request for erratum to the Frontiers Production Office (production.office@frontiersin.org), clearly specifying the error and the correct information in the cover letter.Authors are not required to pay a fee to publish corrections.